Black Lives Matter in Historical Perspective

Literature Cited

1. Akbar AA. 2018. Toward a radical imagination of law. NYU Law Rev. 93:405–79
   [Google Scholar]
2. Akbar AA, Ashar SM, Simonson J. 2021. Movement law. Stanford Law Rev 73:84821–84
   [Google Scholar]
3. Anderson C. 2016. White Rage: The Unspoken Truth of Our Racial Divide New York: Bloomsbury Publ.
   [Google Scholar]
4. Baldwin J. 1968. How to cool it. Esquire July 1968 (reprinted Aug. 2, 2017)
   [Google Scholar]
5. Balko R. 2014. Rise of the Warrior Cop: The Militarization of America's Police Forces New York: Public Aff.
   [Google Scholar]
6. Balto S. 2019. Occupied Territory: Policing Black Chicago from Red Summer to Black Power Chapel Hill: Univ. N.C. Press
   [Google Scholar]
7. Bay M. 2009. To Tell the Truth Freely: The Life of Ida B. Wells New York: Macmillan
   [Google Scholar]
8. Bell D. 1972. Race, Racism, and the Law. New York: Little, Brown & Co.
   [Google Scholar]
9. Bell MC. 2017. Police reform and the dismantling of legal estrangement. Yale Law J 126:2054–150
   [Google Scholar]
10. Biondi M. 2003. To Stand and Fight Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press
    [Google Scholar]
11. Blaine KN. 2021. Until I Am Free: Fannie Lou Hamer's Enduring Message to America New York: Penguin Random House
    [Google Scholar]
12. Bonilla Y, Rosa J. 2015. #Ferguson: digital protest, hashtag ethnography, and the racial politics of social media in the United States. Am. Ethnol. 42:14–17
    [Google Scholar]
13. Brooks MP. 2020. Fannie Lou Hamer: America's Freedom Fighting Woman London: Rowman & Littlefield
    [Google Scholar]
14. Buchanan L, Bui Q, Patel JK. 2020. Black Lives Matter may be the largest movement in U.S. history. New York Times July 3. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/07/03/us/george-floyd-protests-crowd-size.html
    [Google Scholar]
15. Camp J, Heatherton C 2016. Policing the Planet: Why the Policing Crisis Led to Black Lives Matter New York: Verso
    [Google Scholar]
16. Carmichael S, Hamilton C. 1967. Black Power: The Politics of Liberation in America New York: Knopf
    [Google Scholar]
17. Carruthers C. 2019. Unapologetic: A Black, Queer, and Feminist Mandate for Radical Movements New York: Beacon
    [Google Scholar]
18. Carson C. 1995. In Struggle: SNCC and the Black Awakening of the 1960s Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press
    [Google Scholar]
19. Chua C. 2020. Abolition is a constant struggle: five lessons from Minneapolis. Theory Event 23:4 SupplS127–47
    [Google Scholar]
20. Chua L. 2014. Mobilizing Gay Singapore: Rights and Resistance in an Authoritarian State Philadelphia: Temple Univ. Press
    [Google Scholar]
21. CNN 2020. Views on racism and protests Poll, CNN, Aug. 28–Sept. 1. http://cdn.cnn.com/cnn/2020/images/09/04/rel9b.-.race.pdf?utm_source=link_newsv9&utm_campaign=item_320096&utm_medium=copy
    [Google Scholar]
22. Cobb J. 2016. The matter of Black Lives. The New Yorker March 6. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/03/14/where-is-black-lives-matter-headed
    [Google Scholar]
23. Cohen CJ. 2010. Democracy Remixed: Black Youth and the Future of American Politics New York: Oxford Univ. Press
    [Google Scholar]
24. Crenshaw K, Gotanda N, Peller G, Thomas K 1995. Critical Race Theory: The Key Writings That Formed the Movement New York: New
    [Google Scholar]
25. Crenshaw K, Ritchie A, Anspach R, Gilmer R, Harris L. 2015. Say her name: resisting police brutality against black women Rep., Afr. Am. Policy Forum New York:
    [Google Scholar]
26. Cullors P, Bandele A. 2018. When They Call You a Terrorist: A Black Lives Matter Memoir New York: St. Martin's
    [Google Scholar]
27. Davis AY. 2017. Freedom Is a Constant Struggle: Ferguson, Palestine, and the Foundations of a Movement Chicago: Haymarket Books
    [Google Scholar]
28. Dittmer J. 1994. Local People: The Struggle for Civil Rights in Mississippi Champaign: Univ. Ill. Press
    [Google Scholar]
29. Draper A. 2016. Class and politics in the Mississippi movement: an analysis of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party Delegation. J. South. Hist. 82:2269–304
    [Google Scholar]
30. Du Bois WEB 1935. Black Reconstruction in America New York: Atheneum
    [Google Scholar]
31. Eckberg D 2006. Reported victims of lynching, by race: 1882–1964. Historical Statistics of the United States, Earliest Times to the Present SB Carter, SS Gartner, MR Haines, A Olmstead, R Sutch, G Wright New York: Cambridge Univ. Press. Millenn ed .
    [Google Scholar]
32. Emerg. Comm. Support MFDP 1964. Seat the MFDP Pamphlet Aug. 24. https://www.crmvet.org/docs/6408_mfdp_flyer_ac.pdf
    [Google Scholar]
33. Epp CR. 1998. The Rights Revolution: Lawyers, Activists, and Supreme Courts in Comparative Perspective Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press
    [Google Scholar]
34. Equal Justice Initiat 2017. Lynching in America: confronting the legacy of racial terror Rep., Equal Justice Initiat., Montgomery https://eji.org/reports/lynching-in-america/
    [Google Scholar]
35. Feimster CN. 2009. Southern Horrors: Women and the Politics of Rape and Lynching Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press
    [Google Scholar]
36. Foner E. 1988. Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877 New York: Harper & Row
    [Google Scholar]
37. Francis MM. 2014. Civil Rights and the Making of the Modern American State New York: Cambridge Univ. Press
    [Google Scholar]
38. Francis MM. 2018. The strange fruit of American political development. Politics Groups Identities 6:1128–37
    [Google Scholar]
39. Galanter M. 1974. Why the “haves” come out ahead: speculations on the limits of legal change. Law Soc. Rev. 9:195–160
    [Google Scholar]
40. Garza A. 2015. Interview with Mychal Denzel Smith. Nation March 24. https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/qa-alicia-garza-co-founder-blacklivesmatter/
    [Google Scholar]
41. Garza A. 2020. The Purpose of Power: How We Come Together When We Fall Apart New York: One World
    [Google Scholar]
42. Giddings P. 2008. Ida: A Sword Among Lions New York: HarperCollins
    [Google Scholar]
43. Hagopian J, Jones D. 2020. Black Lives Matter at School: An Uprising for Educational Justice Chicago: Haymarket Books
    [Google Scholar]
44. Haley S. 2016. No Mercy Here: Gender, Punishment, and the Making of Jim Crow Modernity Chapel Hill: Univ. N.C. Press
    [Google Scholar]
45. Hamer FL. 1964. I'm sick and tired of being sick and tired Speech, Dec. 20. https://www.crmvet.org/docs/flh64.htm
    [Google Scholar]
46. Hamlin FN. 2012. Crossroads at Clarksdale: The Black Freedom Struggle in the Mississippi Delta after World War II Chapel Hill: Univ. N.C. Press
    [Google Scholar]
47. Hill ML. 2016. Nobody: Casualties of America's War on the Vulnerable, from Ferguson to Flint and Beyond New York: Atria Books
    [Google Scholar]
48. Hinton E. 2021. America on Fire: The Untold History of Police Violence and Black Rebellion Since the 1960s New York: Liveright Publ.
    [Google Scholar]
49. Hooker J. 2016. Black Lives Matter and the paradoxes of U.S. black politics: from democratic sacrifice to democratic repair. Political Theory 44:4448–69
    [Google Scholar]
50. Horne G. 1995. Fire This Time: The Watts Uprising and the 1960s Boston: Da Capo
    [Google Scholar]
51. Ifill SA. 2007. On the Courthouse Lawn: Confronting the Legacy of Lynching in the Twenty-First Century Boston: Beacon, Rev. ed..
    [Google Scholar]
52. Jackson S 2016. (Re)imagining intersectional democracy from black feminism to hashtag activism. Women's Stud. Commun. 39:4375–79
    [Google Scholar]
53. Jackson S 2020. Black Lives Matter and the revitalization of collective visionary leadership. Leadership 17:18–17
    [Google Scholar]
54. Johnson KS. 2018. The neo-redemption era? APD in the age of #Black Lives Matter. Politics Groups Identities 6:1120–27
    [Google Scholar]
55. Johnson W 2020. The Broken Heart of America: St. Louis and the Violent History of the United States New York: Basic Books
    [Google Scholar]
56. Kagan R. 2003. Adversarial Legalism: The American Way of Law Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press
    [Google Scholar]
57. Kellogg CF. 1973. NAACP: A History of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press
    [Google Scholar]
58. Lawrence CR III 2015. The fire this time: Black Lives Matter, abolitionist pedagogy and the law. J. Legal Educ. 65:2381–404
    [Google Scholar]
59. Lebron C. 2017. The Making of Black Lives Matter: The Brief History of an Idea New York: Oxford Univ. Press
    [Google Scholar]
60. LeFlouria TL. 2015. Chained in Silence: Black Women and Convict Labor in the New South Chapel Hill: Univ. N.C. Press
    [Google Scholar]
61. Lindsey TB. 2015. Post-Ferguson: a ‘herstorical’ approach to Black violability. Fem. Stud. 41:1232–37
    [Google Scholar]
62. Litwack L. 1979. Been in the Storm So Long: The Aftermath of Slavery New York: Vintage Books
    [Google Scholar]
63. Lovell G. 2012. This Is Not Civil Rights: Discovering Rights Talk in 1939 America Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press
    [Google Scholar]
64. Lowery W. 2016. They Can't Kill Us All: Ferguson, Baltimore, and a New Era in America's Racial Justice Movement New York: Little, Brown
    [Google Scholar]
65. Lumpkins CL. 2008. American Pogrom: The East St. Louis Race Riot and Black Politics 42 Athens: Ohio Univ. Press
    [Google Scholar]
66. Makalani M. 2017. Black Lives Matter and the limits of formal black politics. South Atl. Q. 116:3529–52
    [Google Scholar]
67. McCann M. 1994. Rights at Work: Pay Equity Reform and the Politics of Legal Mobilization Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press
    [Google Scholar]
68. McCann M, Lovell G 2020. Union by Law: Filipino American Labor Activists, Rights Radicalism, and Racial Capitalism Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press
    [Google Scholar]
69. Mckesson D. 2018. On The Other Side of Freedom: The Case for Hope New York: Penguin Books
    [Google Scholar]
70. McLaughlin M. 2014. The Long, Hot Summer of 1967: Urban Rebellion in America London: Palgrave Macmillan
    [Google Scholar]
71. McLeod AM. 2018. Envisioning abolition democracy. Harvard Law Rev 132:1613–49
    [Google Scholar]
72. Miss. Freedom Democr. Party (MFDP) 1964. Freedom rallies Press Rel July 21. https://www.crmvet.org/docs/pr/640721_mfdp_pr_washington.pdf
    [Google Scholar]
73. Moore v. Dempsey 261 U.S. 86 1923.)
74. Morris A. 1984. The Origins of the Civil Rights Movement New York: Free
    [Google Scholar]
75. Movement 4 Black Lives (M4BL) 2016. Platform https://m4bl.org/policy-platforms/
    [Google Scholar]
76. Movement 4 Black Lives (M4BL) 2020. Platform https://m4bl.org/policy-platforms
    [Google Scholar]
77. Muhammad KG. 2010. The Condemnation of Blackness: Race, Crime, and the Making of Modern Urban America Boston: Harvard Univ. Press
    [Google Scholar]
78. Mumford K. 2007. Newark: A History of Race, Rights, and Riots in America New York: NYU Press
    [Google Scholar]
79. Nashville Tennessean 1965. House rejects seat challenges. Nashville Tennessean Sept. 18
    [Google Scholar]
80. Natl. Advis. Comm. Civ. Disord 1968. The Kerner Report: the 1968 report of the National Advisory Commission On Civil Disorders Rep., Natl. Advis. Comm. Civ. Disord. Washington, DC:
    [Google Scholar]
81. Nelson A. 2016. The longue durée of Black Lives Matter. Am. J. Public Health 106:101734–37
    [Google Scholar]
82. Nunnally SC. 2018. (Re)defining the black body in the era of Black Lives Matter: the politics of blackness, old and new. Politics Groups Identities 6:1138–52
    [Google Scholar]
83. Opinium Res 2020. US political polling: racism in American & BLM Rep., Opinium New York: July 9. https://www.opinium.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Opinium-US_Political-Polling-Summary-Report_Black-Lives-Matter_June.pdf
    [Google Scholar]
84. Payne CM. 1996. I've Got the Light of Freedom: The Organizing Tradition and the Mississippi Freedom Struggle Chapel Hill: Univ. N.C. Press
    [Google Scholar]
85. Pew Res. Cent 2020. Amid protests majorities across racial and ethnic groups express support for the Black Lives Matter movement Rep., Pew Res. Cent. Washington, DC: https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2020/06/12/amid-protests-majorities-across-racial-and-ethnic-groups-express-support-for-the-black-lives-matter-movement/
    [Google Scholar]
86. Polletta F. 2000. The structural context of novel rights claims: southern civil rights organizing, 1961–66. Law Soc. Rev. 34:367–406
    [Google Scholar]
87. Ransby B. 2003. Ella Baker and the Black Freedom Movement: A Radical Democratic Vision Chapel Hill: Univ. N.C. Press
    [Google Scholar]
88. Ransby B. 2018. Making All Black Lives Matter: Reimagining Freedom in the Twenty-First Century Oakland: Univ. Calif. Press
    [Google Scholar]
89. Rickford R. 2016. Black Lives Matter: toward a modern practice of mass struggle. New Labor Forum 25:34–42
    [Google Scholar]
90. Risen C. 2009. A Nation on Fire: America in the Wake of the King Assassination Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Publ.
    [Google Scholar]
91. Rogers M. 2014. Introduction: disposable lives. Theory Event 17:3 Suppl.)
    [Google Scholar]
92. Rudwick EM. 1964. Race Riot at East St. Louis, July 2, 1917 82 Carbondale: South. Ill. Univ. Press
    [Google Scholar]
93. Sanders C. 2016. A Chance for Change: Head Start and Mississippi's Black Freedom Struggle Chapel Hill: Univ. N.C. Press
    [Google Scholar]
94. Schechter PA. 2001. Ida B. Wells-Barnett and American Reform, 1880–1930 Chapel Hill: Univ. N.C. Press
    [Google Scholar]
95. Scheingold SA. 1974. The Politics of Rights: Lawyers, Public Policy, and Social Change New Haven, CT: Yale Univ. Press
    [Google Scholar]
96. Simonson J. 2021. Police reform through a power lens. Yale Law J 130:778–1049
    [Google Scholar]
97. Soss J, Weaver V. 2017. Police are our government: politics, political science, and the policing of race–class subjugated communities. Annu. Rev. Political Sci. 20:565–91
    [Google Scholar]
98. Stud. Nonviol. Coord. Comm. (SNCC) 1965a. Concerned citizens and friends of SNCC. Letter, March 17. SNCC Committee Organizational Manuals, Press Releases, Public Statements and Reports, Jan. 01, 1965–Jan. 31, 1965 San Francisco, CA: Civ. Rights Movement Archive
    [Google Scholar]
99. Stud. Nonviol. Coord. Comm. (SNCC) 1965b. Lawrence Guyot, letter and press release to media, May 17, 1965. SNCC Committee Organizational Manuals, Press Releases, Public Statements and Reports, Jan. 01, 1965–Jan. 31, 1965 San Francisco, CA: Civ. Rights Movement Archive
    [Google Scholar]
100. Stud. Nonviol. Coord. Comm. (SNCC) 1965c. Margaret Lauren, letter to “Friends of SNCC,” May 7, 1965. SNCC Committee Memoranda Files, Jan. 01, 1961–June 30, 1966 San Francisco, CA: Civ. Rights Movement Archive
     [Google Scholar]
101. Stud. Nonviol. Coord. Comm. (SNCC) 1965d. Testimony of Harold B. Light, Mrs. Leslie Scattergood, and Bernard Carver, Parents of Civil Rights Workers in the South, on the nomination of JP Coleman of Mississippi to the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals before Senate Judiciary Subcommittee, July 13, 1965. SNCC Committee Memoranda Files, Jan. 01, 1961–June 30, 1966 San Francisco, CA: Civ. Rights Movement Archive
     [Google Scholar]
102. Sugrue TJ. 1996. The Origins of the Urban Crisis: Race and Inequality in Postwar Detroit Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press
     [Google Scholar]
103. Sullivan P. 2009. Lift Every Voice: The NAACP and the Making of the Civil Rights Movement New York: New
     [Google Scholar]
104. Taylor K. 2018. American political development and Black Lives Matter in the age of incarceration. Politics Groups Identities 6:1153–61
     [Google Scholar]
105. Taylor K-Y. 2016. From #BlackLivesMatter to Black Liberation Chicago: Haymarket Books
     [Google Scholar]
106. Thompson D. 2017. An exoneration of black rage. South Atl Q 116:3457–81
     [Google Scholar]
107. Thompson HA. 2001. Whose Detroit?: Politics, Labor, and Race in a Modern American City Ithaca, NY: Cornell Univ. Press
     [Google Scholar]
108. Threadcraft S. 2017. North American necropolitics and gender: on #BlackLivesMatter and black femicide. South Atl. Q. 116:3553–79
     [Google Scholar]
109. Thurston CN. 2018. Black Lives Matter, American political development, and the politics of visibility. Politics, Groups Identities 6:1162–70
     [Google Scholar]
110. Tillery AB. 2019. What kind of movement is Black Lives Matter? The view from Twitter. J. Race Ethn. Politics 4:2297–323
     [Google Scholar]
111. Wells IB. 1969. On Lynchings: Southern Horrors, A Red Record, Mob Rule in New Orleans New York: Arno (reprints of original pamphlets)
     [Google Scholar]
112. Wells IB. 1970. Crusade For Justice: The Autobiography of Ida B. Wells Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press
     [Google Scholar]
113. Williams RY. 2015. Concrete Demands: The Search for Black Power in the 20th Century New York: Routledge
     [Google Scholar]
114. Woodley D. 2021. Reckoning: Black Lives Matter and the Democratic Necessity of Social Movements Oxford, UK: Oxford Univ. Press
     [Google Scholar]
115. Woodward CV. 1965. After Watts—Where is the Negro revolution headed?. New York Times Aug. 29, p. 24
     [Google Scholar]
116. Wright-Rigueur L. 2015. The Loneliness of the Black Republican: Pragmatic Politics and the Pursuit of Power Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press
     [Google Scholar]
117. Zangrando R. 1980. The NAACP Crusade Against Lynching, 1909–1950 Philadelphia: Temple Univ. Press
     [Google Scholar]