1932
0
  1. Home
  2. A-Z Publications
  3. Annual Review of Political Science
  4. Volume 26, 2023
  5. Article

Annual Review of Political Science

Volume 26, 2023

Gender and International Relations

Abstract

This is both an exciting and fraught time in the study of gender and sexuality in global politics. On the one hand, feminist scholars build on more than 30 years of research in the field, with increasingly diverse scholars doing increasingly interdisciplinary research. On the other hand, crises like the COVID-19 pandemic, the war in Ukraine, and global inflation have shown that there are many sites of sharp, continuing gender inequities. In response to this combined excitement and challenge, this article addresses four areas of gender and IR research that are both enduring and growing: gender and political economy, gender and security, queer approaches, and feminist foreign policy. As we discuss each of these areas, we begin with a recent exemplar of scholarship and then discuss other scholarship in that area to give a sense of contours of each subfield of inquiry.

Keyword(s): foreign policy, gender, international relations, political economy, sexuality
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-polisci-051120-110954
2023-06-15
2024-07-03
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/polisci/26/1/annurev-polisci-051120-110954.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-polisci-051120-110954&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

Literature Cited

  1. Achilleos-Sarll C. 2018. Reconceptualising feminist foreign policy as gendered, sexualised, and racialised: toward a postcolonial feminist foreign policy (analysis). J. Int. Women's Stud. 19:134–49
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Ackerly B, Stern M, True J, eds. 2006. Feminist Methodologies in International Relations Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Agathangelou AM. 2004. The Global Political Economy of Sex: Desire, Violence, and Insecurity in Mediterranean Nation States Basingstoke: Palgrave
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Agathangelou AM. 2013. Neoliberal geopolitical order and value: queerness as speculative economy and anti-Blackness as terror. Int. Fem. J. Politics 15:4453–76
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Agathangelou AM. 2017. From the colonial to feminist IR: feminist IR studies, the wider FSS/GPE research agenda, and the questions of value, valuation, security, and violence. Politics Gender 13:4739–46
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Aggestam K, Bergman Rosamond A. 2016. Swedish feminist foreign policy in the making: ethics, politics, and gender. Ethics Int. Aff. 30:3323–34
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Aggestam K, Bergman Rosamond A. 2018. Re-politicising the gender-security nexus: Sweden's feminist foreign policy. Eur. Rev. Int. Stud. 5:330–48
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Aggestam K, Bergman Rosamond A. 2019. Feminist foreign policy 3.0: advancing ethics and gender equality in global politics. SAIS Rev. Int. Aff. 39:137–48
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Aggestam K, Bergman Rosamond A, Kronsell A. 2019. Theorising feminist foreign policy. Int. Relat. 33:123–39
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Aggestam K, True J. 2021. Political leadership and gendered multilevel games in foreign policy. Int. Aff. 97:2385–404
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Altman D, Symons J. 2016. Queer Wars: The New Global Polarization over Gay Rights Cambridge, UK: Polity
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Arat ZFK. 2015. Feminisms, women's rights, and the UN: Would achieving gender equality empower women?. Am. Political Sci. Rev. 109:4674–89
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Axster S, Danewid I, Goldstein A, Mahmoudi M, Tansel CB, Wilcox L. 2021. Colonial lives of the carceral archipelago: rethinking the neoliberal security state. Int. Political Sociol. 15:3415–39
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Basu S. 2013. Emancipatory potential in feminist security studies. Int. Stud. Perspect. 14:4455–58
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Bedford K, Rai SM. 2010. Feminists theorize international political economy. Signs J. Women Cult. Soc. 36:11–18
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Belkin A. 2012. Bring Me Men: Military Masculinity and the Benign Façade of American Empire, 1898–2001 New York: Columbia Univ. Press
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Beneria L. 1995. Toward a greater integration of gender in economics. World Dev. 23:111839–50
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Bergeron S. 2001. Political economy discourses of globalization and feminist politics. Signs J. Women Cult. Soc. 26:4983–1006
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Bergman Rosamond A. 2020. Swedish feminist foreign policy and “gender cosmopolitanism.”. Foreign Policy Anal. 16:2217–35
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Binnie J, Bell D 2000. The Sexual Citizen: Queer Politics and Beyond Cambridge, UK: Polity
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Brannstrom L, Gunneflo M. 2021. Swedish foreign policy feminisms: women, social democracy and capitalism. Aust. Fem. Law J. 47:2207–27
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Brysk A, Mehta A. 2014. Do rights at home boost rights abroad? Sexual equality and humanitarian foreign policy. J. Peace Res. 51:197–110
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Caglar G. 2022. Decentering political authority and power: feminist global governance studies in Europe. Feminist IR in Europe M Stern, AE Towns 153–70. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Chin CBN. 1998. In Service and Servitude: Foreign Female Domestic Workers and the Malaysia Modernity Project. New York: Columbia Univ. Press
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Chin CBN. 2013. Cosmopolitan Sex Workers: Women and Migration in a Global City New York: Oxford Univ. Press
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Chisholm A, Stachowitsch S. 2017. (Re)integrating feminist security studies and feminist global political economy: continuing the conversation. Politics Gender 13:4710–15
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Chowdhry G, Nair S, eds. 2003. Power, Postcolonialism, and International Relations New York: Routledge
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Cockburn C. 2010. Gender relations as causal in militarization and war: a feminist standpoint. Int. Fem. J. Politics 12:2139–57
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Cohen J, van der Meulen Rodgers Y. 2021. The feminist political economy of COVID-19: capitalism, women, and work. Glob. Public Health 16:8–91381–95
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Cohn C. 1987. Sex and death in the rational world of defense intellectuals. Signs J. Women Cult. Soc. 12:4687–718
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Cohn C. 2011. “Feminist security studies”: toward a reflexive practice. Politics Gender 7:4581–86
     [Google Scholar]
  32. Collins PH. 1989. The social construction of Black feminist thought. Signs J. Women Cult. Soc. 14:4745–73
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Collins PH. 2000. Gender, Black feminism, and Black political economy. Ann. Am. Acad. Political Soc. Sci. 568:141–53
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Confortini CC. 2012. Intelligent Compassion: Feminist Critical Methodology in the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom New York: Oxford Univ. Press
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Crenshaw K. 1991. Mapping the margins: intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women of color. Stanford Law Rev. 43:61241–99
     [Google Scholar]
  36. Das R. 2010. Colonial legacies, post-colonial (in)securities, and gender(ed) representations in South Asia's nuclear policies. Soc. Identities 16:6717–40
     [Google Scholar]
  37. D'Costa B, Lee-Koo K 2013. The politics of voice: feminist security studies and the Asia-Pacific. Int. Stud. Perspect. 14:4451–54
     [Google Scholar]
  38. de Almagro MM. 2018. Producing participants: gender, race, class, and women, peace, and security. Glob. Soc. 32:4395–414
     [Google Scholar]
  39. de Almagro MM, Ryan C. 2019. Subverting economic empowerment: towards a postcolonial-feminist framework on gender (in)securities in post-war settings. Eur. J. Int. Relat. 25:41059–79
     [Google Scholar]
  40. de Almagro MM, Ryan C. 2020. Introduction: (Re)integrating feminist security studies and global political economy: continuing the conversation through empirical perspectives. Politics Gender 16:3e12
     [Google Scholar]
  41. de Alwis M. 2009. Interrogating the “political”: feminist peace activism in Sri Lanka. Fem. Rev. 91:81–93
     [Google Scholar]
  42. de Leon J. 2020. Lakota experiences of (in)security: cosmology and ontological security. Int. Fem. J. Politics 22:1333–62
     [Google Scholar]
  43. Detraz N, Windsor L. 2014. Evaluating climate migration: population movement, insecurity, and gender. Int. Fem. J. Politics 16:1127–46
     [Google Scholar]
  44. Diaz PC, Valji N. 2019. Symbiosis of misogyny and violent extremism. J. Int. Aff. 72:237–56
     [Google Scholar]
  45. Diaz Calderon J 2021. A decolonial narrative of sexuality and world politics when race is everywhere and nowhere. Crit. Stud. Secur. 9:117–21
     [Google Scholar]
  46. Dingli S, Purewal N. 2018. Gendering (in)security: interrogating security logics within states of exception. Third World Themat. 3:2153–63
     [Google Scholar]
  47. Drumond P, Mesok E, Zalewski M, eds. 2020. Special section: sexual violence in the wrong(ed) bodies: moving beyond the gender binary in international relations. Int. Aff. 96:51145–226
     [Google Scholar]
  48. Eichler M 2015. Gender and Private Security in Global Politics New York: Oxford Univ. Press
     [Google Scholar]
  49. Elias J. 2015. Introduction: feminist security studies and feminist political economy: crossing divides and rebuilding bridges. Politics Gender 11:2406–8
     [Google Scholar]
  50. Elias J, Rai S. 2015. The everyday gendered political economy of violence. Politics Gender 11:2424–29
     [Google Scholar]
  51. Elias J, Rai S. 2019. Feminist everyday political economy: space, time, and violence. Rev. Int. Stud. 45:2201–20
     [Google Scholar]
  52. Elias J, Roberts A. 2016. Feminist global political economies of the everyday: from bananas to bingo. Globalizations 13:6787–800
     [Google Scholar]
  53. Elson D. 2010. Gender and the global economic crisis in developing crisis: a framework for analysis. Gender Dev. 18:2201–12
     [Google Scholar]
  54. Enloe C. 1983. Does Khaki Become You? The Militarisation of Women's Lives. Berkeley: Univ. Calif. Press
     [Google Scholar]
  55. Enloe C. 1989. Bananas, Beaches, and Bases: Making Feminist Sense of International Politics London: Pandora
     [Google Scholar]
  56. Fraser N, Jaeggi R. 2018. Capitalism: A Conversation in Critical Theory Cambridge, UK: Polity
     [Google Scholar]
  57. Gentry C. 2020. Disordered Violence: How Gender, Race, and Heteronormativity Structure Terrorism Edinburgh: Edinburgh Univ. Press
     [Google Scholar]
  58. Gentry C, Shepherd LJ, Sjoberg L, eds. 2018. The Routledge Handbook of Gender and Security London: Routledge
     [Google Scholar]
  59. Gilligan C. 1993. In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women's Development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press. , 2nd ed..
     [Google Scholar]
  60. Gilligan C. 2011. Joining the Resistance. Cambridge, UK: Polity
     [Google Scholar]
  61. Giri K. 2021. Do all women combatants experience war and peace uniformly? Intersectionality and women combatants. Glob. Stud. Q. 1:2ksab004
     [Google Scholar]
  62. Gomes MS, Marques RR. 2021. Can securitization theory be saved from itself? A decolonial and feminist intervention. Secur. Dialogue 51:1 Suppl.78–87
     [Google Scholar]
  63. Gore E. 2022. Understanding queer oppression and resistance in the global political economy: towards a theoretical framework for political economy. New Political Econ. 27:2296–311
     [Google Scholar]
  64. Grewal I, Kaplan C. 1994. Scattered Hegemonies: Postmodernity and Transnational Feminist Practices. Minneapolis/London: Univ. Minn. Press
     [Google Scholar]
  65. Griffin P. 2009. Gendering the World Bank: Neoliberalism and the Gendered Foundations of Global Governance. London: Palgrave
     [Google Scholar]
  66. Griffin P. 2013. Gendering global finance: crisis, masculinity, and responsibility. Men Masculinities 16:19–34
     [Google Scholar]
  67. Haastrup T. 2020. Gendering South Africa's foreign policy: toward a feminist approach?. Foreign Policy Anal. 16:2199–216
     [Google Scholar]
  68. Haastrup T, Wright KAM, Guerrina R. 2019. Bringing gender in? EU foreign and security policy after Brexit. Politics Gov. 7:362–71
     [Google Scholar]
  69. Hagen J. 2016. Queering women, peace, and security. Int. Aff. 92:2313–32
     [Google Scholar]
  70. Hannah E, Roberts A, Trommer S 2021. Towards a feminist global trade politics.. Globalizations 18:170–85
     [Google Scholar]
  71. Hansen L. 2001. Gender, nation, rape: Bosnia and the construction of security. Int. Fem. J. Politics 3:155–75
     [Google Scholar]
  72. Harding S. 1986. The Science Question in Feminism Bloomington: Indiana Univ. Press
     [Google Scholar]
  73. Haritaworn J, Kuntsman A, Posocco S, eds. 2014. Queer Necropolitics New York: Routledge
     [Google Scholar]
  74. Harman S. 2021. Threat not solution: gender, global health security, and COVID-19. Int. Aff. 97:3601–23
     [Google Scholar]
  75. Hekman SJ. 1995. Moral Voices, Moral Selves: Carol Gilligan and Feminist Moral Theory Cambridge, UK: Polity
     [Google Scholar]
  76. Henry M. 2021. On the necessity of critical race feminism for women, peace, and security. Crit. Stud. Secur. 9:122–26
     [Google Scholar]
  77. Hoskyns C, Rai SM. 2007. Recasting the global political economy. New Political Econ. 12:3297–317
     [Google Scholar]
  78. Hozic AA, True J, eds. 2016. Scandalous Economics: Gender and the Politics of Financial Crises. New York: Oxford Univ. Press
     [Google Scholar]
  79. Hozic AA, True J. 2017. Brexit as a scandal: gender and global Trumpism. Rev. Int. Political Econ. 24:2270–87
     [Google Scholar]
  80. Hudson V, Ballif-Spanvill B, Caprioli M, Emmett C 2012. Sex and World Peace New York: Columbia Univ. Press
     [Google Scholar]
  81. Inglehart R, Norris P. 2003. Rising Tide: Gender Equality and Cultural Change around the World Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press
     [Google Scholar]
  82. Kabeer N, Razavi S, van der Meulen Rodgers Y. 2021. Feminist economic perspectives on the COVID-19 pandemic. Fem. Econ. 27:1–21–29
     [Google Scholar]
  83. Kantola J. 2018. Gender and the economic crisis: political parties as sites of feminist struggles. Soc. Politics Int. Stud. Gender State Soc. 25:3361–82
     [Google Scholar]
  84. Kapoor I. 2015. The queer Third World. Third World Q. 36:91611–28
     [Google Scholar]
  85. Keller EF. 1985. Reflections on Gender and Science New Haven, CT: Yale Univ. Press
     [Google Scholar]
  86. Keohane RO. 1989. International relations theory: contributions of a feminist standpoint. Millennium J. Int. Stud. 18:2245–53
     [Google Scholar]
  87. Kristoff N, WuDunn S. 2009. Half the Sky: Turning Oppression into Opportunity for Women Worldwide New York: Knopf
     [Google Scholar]
  88. Kronsell A. 2012. Gender, Sex, and the Postnational Defense: Militarism and Peacekeeping New York: Oxford Univ. Press
     [Google Scholar]
  89. Lai D. 2020. What has justice got to do with it? Gender and the political economy of post-war Bosnia and Herzegovina. Rev. Int. Political Econ. 27:61257–79
     [Google Scholar]
  90. Langlois AJ. 2016. International relations theory and global sexuality politics. Politics 36:4385–99
     [Google Scholar]
  91. LeBaron G, Roberts A. 2010. Toward a feminist political economy of capitalism and carcerality. Signs J. Women Cult. Soc. 36:119–44
     [Google Scholar]
  92. Lee-Koo K. 2020. Pro-gender foreign policy by stealth: navigating global and domestic politics in Australian foreign policy making. Foreign Policy Anal. 16:2236–49
     [Google Scholar]
  93. Leigh D. 2017. Queer feminist international relations: uneasy alliances, productive tensions. Alternatif Politika 9:3343–60
     [Google Scholar]
  94. Lind A. 2014. “Out” in international relations: why queer visibility matters. Int. Stud. Rev. 16:3601–4
     [Google Scholar]
  95. Lokot M, Bhatia A. 2020. Unequal and invisible: a feminist political economy approach to valuing women's care labor in the COVID-19 response. Front. Sociol. 6:588279
     [Google Scholar]
  96. Lovenduski J 2005. State Feminism and Political Representation. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press
     [Google Scholar]
  97. MacKenzie M. 2009. Securitization and desecuritization: female soldiers and the reconstruction of women in post-conflict Sierra Leone. Secur. Stud. 18:2241–61
     [Google Scholar]
  98. Marchand MH, Runyan AS, eds. 2010. Gender and Global Restructuring: Sightings, Sites, and Resistances London: Routledge
     [Google Scholar]
  99. Mazur A. 1995. Comparative State Feminism London: Sage
     [Google Scholar]
  100. McBride DE, Mazur AG. 2010. The Politics of State Feminism: Innovation in Comparative Research Philadelphia: Temple Univ. Press
     [Google Scholar]
  101. McDermott R. 2015. Sex and death: gender differences in aggression and motivations for violence. Int. Organ. 69:3753–75
     [Google Scholar]
  102. Medie P. 2020. Global Norms and Local Action: The Campaigns to End Violence against Women in Africa New York: Oxford Univ. Press
     [Google Scholar]
  103. Medie P, Kang AJ. 2018. Power, knowledge, and the politics of gender in the Global South. Eur. J. Politics Gender 1:1–237–54
     [Google Scholar]
  104. Mies M. 1982. The Lace Makers of Narsapur: Indian Housewives Produce for the World Market London: Zed Books
     [Google Scholar]
  105. Moghadam V. 2021. Iran and the United States: What might a feminist foreign policy look like?. Peace Freedom 81:14–6
     [Google Scholar]
  106. Moon KHS. 1997. Sex Among Allies: Military Prostitution in U.S.-Korea Relations New York: Columbia Univ. Press
     [Google Scholar]
  107. Nagel J. 2003. Race, Ethnicity, and Sexuality: Intimate Intersections, Forbidden Frontiers. Oxford, UK: Oxford Univ. Press
     [Google Scholar]
  108. Nayak M. 2014. Thinking about queer international relations’ allies. Int. Stud. Rev. 16:4615–22
     [Google Scholar]
  109. Ong A. 1987. Spirits of Resistance and Capitalist Discipline: Factory Women in Malaysia. Albany: State Univ. New York Press
     [Google Scholar]
  110. Pain R. 2015. Intimate war.. Political Geogr. 44:64–73
     [Google Scholar]
  111. Parashar S. 2013. Feminist (in)securities and camp politics. Int. Stud. Perspect. 14:4440–43
     [Google Scholar]
  112. Parashar S. 2014. Women and Militant Wars: The Politics of Injury London: Routledge
     [Google Scholar]
  113. Parisi L. 2020. Canada's new feminist international assistance policy: business as usual?. Foreign Policy Anal. 16:2163–80
     [Google Scholar]
  114. Pateman C. 1988. The Sexual Contract Cambridge, UK: Polity
     [Google Scholar]
  115. Peng AY. 2022. A Chinese feminist analysis of Chinese social media responses to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Int. Fem. J. Politics 24:3482–501
     [Google Scholar]
  116. Perez JO. 2022. The Dilma Rousseff presidency: from motherly discourses to queer impeachment. Int. Fem. J. Politics 24:140–62
     [Google Scholar]
  117. Peterson VS. 1992. Transgressing boundaries: theories of knowledge, gender, and international relations. Millennium J. Int. Stud. 21:2183–206
     [Google Scholar]
  118. Peterson VS. 1999. Political identities/nationalism as heterosexism. Int. Fem. J. Politics 1:134–65
     [Google Scholar]
  119. Peterson VS. 2004. A Critical Rewriting of Global Political Economy: Integrating Reproductive, Productive, and Virtual Economies. London: Routledge
     [Google Scholar]
  120. Peterson VS. 2010. Global householding and global crisis. Politics Gender 6:2271–81
     [Google Scholar]
  121. Peterson VS, Runyan AS. 1992. Global Gender Issues Boulder, CO: Westview
     [Google Scholar]
  122. Pettman JJ. 1996. Worlding Women: A Feminist International Politics London: Routledge
     [Google Scholar]
  123. Picq ML. 2013. Critics at the edge? Decolonizing methodologies in international relations. Int. Political Sci. Rev. 34:4444–55
     [Google Scholar]
  124. Picq ML, Thiel M, eds. 2015. Sexualities in World Politics: How LGBTQ Claims Shape International Relations London: Routledge
     [Google Scholar]
  125. Prugl E. 1999. The Global Construction of Gender: Home-Based Work in the Political Economy of the 20th Century New York: Columbia Univ. Press
     [Google Scholar]
  126. Puar J. 2007. Terrorist Assemblages: Homonationalism in Queer Times Durham, NC: Duke Univ. Press
     [Google Scholar]
  127. Rahman M. 2014. Queer rights and the triangulation of Western exceptionalism. J. Hum. Rights 13:3274–89
     [Google Scholar]
  128. Rai SM, Hoskyns C, Thomas D. 2014. Depletion: the cost of social reproduction. Int. Fem. J. Politics 16:186–105
     [Google Scholar]
  129. Rai SM, Waylen G 2014. Feminist political economy: looking back, looking forward. New Frontiers in Feminist Political Economy SM Rai, G Waylen 1–18. London: Routledge
     [Google Scholar]
  130. Rao R. 2018. The state of “Queer IR. .” GLQ J. Lesbian Gay Stud. 24:1139–49
     [Google Scholar]
  131. Rao R. 2020. Out of Time: The Queer Politics of Postcoloniality New York: Oxford Univ. Press
     [Google Scholar]
  132. Razavi N. 2021. NatSec feminism: women security experts and the US counterterror state. Signs J. Women Cult. Soc. 46:2361–86
     [Google Scholar]
  133. Reardon B. 1985. Sexism and the War System New York: Teachers Coll. Press
     [Google Scholar]
  134. Reiter D. 2015. The positivist study of gender and international relations. J. Confl. Resolut. 59:71301–26
     [Google Scholar]
  135. Richter-Montpetit M. 2018. Everything you always wanted to know about sex (in IR) but were afraid to ask: the “queer turn” in international relations. Millennium J. Int. Stud. 46:2220–40
     [Google Scholar]
  136. Richter-Montpetit M. 2007. Empire, desire, and violence: a queer transnational feminist reading of the prisoner “abuse” in Abu Ghraib and the question of “gender equality.”. Int. Fem. J. Politics 9:138–59
     [Google Scholar]
  137. Richter-Montpetit M, Weber C 2017. Queer international relations. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of International Relations N Sandal Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.265
    [Google Scholar]
  138. Roberts A. 2015a. Gender, financial deepening, and the production of embodied finance: towards a critical feminist analysis. Glob. Soc. 29:1107–27
     [Google Scholar]
  139. Roberts A. 2015b. The political economy of “transnational business feminism”: problematizing the corporate-led gender equality agenda. Int. Fem. J. Politics 17:2209–31
     [Google Scholar]
  140. Robinson F. 2021. Feminist foreign policy as ethical foreign policy? A care ethics perspective. J. Int. Political Theory 17:120–37
     [Google Scholar]
  141. Scheyer V, Kumskova M. 2019. Feminist foreign policy: a fine line between “adding women” and pursuing a feminist agenda. J. Int. Aff. 72:257–76
     [Google Scholar]
  142. Sellers PV. 2009. Gender strategy is not a luxury for international courts. Am. Univ. J. Gender Soc. Policy Law 17:2301–27
     [Google Scholar]
  143. Shepherd LJ. 2008. Gender, Violence, and Security: Discourse as Practice. London: Zed Books
     [Google Scholar]
  144. Shepherd LJ. 2009. Gender, violence, and global politics: contemporary debates in feminist security studies. Political Stud. Rev. 7:2208–19
     [Google Scholar]
  145. Shepherd LJ. 2017. Gender, UN Peacebuilding, and the Politics of Space: Locating Legitimacy. New York: Oxford Univ. Press
     [Google Scholar]
  146. Shepherd LJ. 2021. Narrating the Women, Peace, and Security Agenda: Logics of Global Governance New York: Oxford Univ. Press
     [Google Scholar]
  147. Shepherd LJ. 2022. White feminism and the governance of violent extremism. Crit. Stud. Terrorism 15:3727–49
     [Google Scholar]
  148. Shepherd LJ, Sjoberg L. 2012. Trans- bodies in/of war(s): cisprivilege and contemporary security strategy. Fem. Rev. 101:5–23
     [Google Scholar]
  149. Sjoberg L. 2009. Introduction to Security Studies: feminist contributions. Secur. Stud. 18:2183–213
     [Google Scholar]
  150. Sjoberg L. 2013. Gendering Global Conflict: Toward a Feminist Theory of War New York: Columbia Univ. Press
     [Google Scholar]
  151. Sjoberg L. 2020. Feminist security theorizing. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of International Relations N Sandal Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.437
    [Google Scholar]
  152. Sjoberg L, Kadera K, Thies CG. 2018. Reevaluating gender and IR scholarship: moving beyond Reiter's dichotomies towards effective synergies. J. Conflict Resolut. 62:4848–70
     [Google Scholar]
  153. Smith H, Ajadi T. 2020. Canada's feminist foreign policy and human security compared. Int. J. 75:3367–82
     [Google Scholar]
  154. Smith NJ. 2012. Body issues: the political economy of male sex work. Sexualities 15:5–6586–603
     [Google Scholar]
  155. Smith NJ. 2020. Capitalism's Sexual History New York: Oxford Univ. Press
     [Google Scholar]
  156. Smith NJ, Lee D. 2015. Corporeal capitalism: the body in international political economy. Glob. Soc 29:164–69
     [Google Scholar]
  157. Stavrianakis A. 2016. Legitimising liberal militarism: politics, law and war in the arms trade treaty. Third World Q. 37:5840–65
     [Google Scholar]
  158. Stern M. 2017. Feminist global political economy and feminist security studies? The politics of delineating subfields. Politics Gender 13:4727–33
     [Google Scholar]
  159. Stiehm JH. 1982. The protected, the protector, the defender. Women's Stud. Int. Forum 5:3–4367–76
     [Google Scholar]
  160. Sylvester C. 1993. Editor's introduction: feminists write international relations. Alternatives 18:11–3
     [Google Scholar]
  161. Teaiwa T, Slatter C. 2013. Samting Nating: Pacific waves at the margins of feminist security studies. Int. Stud. Perspect. 14:4447–50
     [Google Scholar]
  162. Thomson J. 2020. What's feminist about feminist foreign policy? Canada's and Sweden's foreign policy agendas. Int. Stud. Perspect. 21:4424–37
     [Google Scholar]
  163. Thomson J, Whiting S. 2022. Women, peace, and security national action plans in anti-gender governments: the cases of Brazil and Poland. Eur. J. Int. Secur. 7:4531–50
     [Google Scholar]
  164. Tickner JA. 1988. Hans Morgenthau's principles of political realism: a feminist reformulation. Millennium J. Int. Stud. 17:3429–40
     [Google Scholar]
  165. Tickner J 1992. Gender in International Relations New York: Columbia Univ. Press
     [Google Scholar]
  166. Tickner JA. 1997. You just don't understand: troubled engagements between feminists and IR theorists. Int. Stud. Q. 41:4611–32
     [Google Scholar]
  167. Tronto J. 2013. Caring Democracy: Markets, Equality, and Justice New York: New York Univ. Press
     [Google Scholar]
  168. True J. 2012. The Political Economy of Violence Against Women. New York: Oxford Univ. Press
     [Google Scholar]
  169. True J. 2015. Winning the battle but losing the war on violence: a feminist perspective on the declining global violence thesis. Int. Fem. J. Politics 17:4554–72
     [Google Scholar]
  170. Tudor A. 2021. Decolonizing trans/gender studies? Teaching gender, race, and sexuality in times of the rise of the global right. Transgender Stud. Q. 8:2238–56
     [Google Scholar]
  171. Tungohan E. 2013. Reconceptualizing motherhood, reconceptualizing resistance: migrant domestic workers, transnational hyper-maternalism and activism. Int. Fem. J. Politics 15:139–57
     [Google Scholar]
  172. Vayrynen T, Parashar S, Feron E, Confortini CC, eds. 2021. Routledge Handbook of Feminist Peace Research London: Routledge
     [Google Scholar]
  173. Vucetic S. 2017. A nation of feminist arms dealers? Canada and military exports. Int. J. 72:4503–19
     [Google Scholar]
  174. Walby S. 2005. Gender mainstreaming: productive tensions in theory and practice. Soc. Politics 12:3321–43
     [Google Scholar]
  175. Waylen G. 1997. Gender, feminism, and political economy. New Political Econ. 2:2205–20
     [Google Scholar]
  176. Waylen G. 2021. Gendering global economic governance after the global financial crisis. Rev. Int. Political Econ. 29:41007–26
     [Google Scholar]
  177. Weber C. 1994. Good girls, little girls, and bad girls: male paranoia in Robert Keohane's critique of feminist international relations. Millennium J. Int. Stud. 23:2337–49
     [Google Scholar]
  178. Weber C. 1999. Faking It: US Hegemony in a Post-Phallic Era. Minneapolis: Univ. Minn. Press
     [Google Scholar]
  179. Weber C. 2015. Why is there no queer international theory?. Eur. J. Int. Relat. 21:127–51
     [Google Scholar]
  180. Weber C. 2016a.. Queer International Relations: Sexuality, Sovereignty, and the Will to Knowledge New York: Oxford Univ. Press
     [Google Scholar]
  181. Weber C. 2016b. Queer intellectual curiosity as international relations method: developing queer international relations theoretical and methodological frameworks. Int. Stud. Q. 60:111–23
     [Google Scholar]
  182. Weber C, Sjoberg L, eds. 2014. The forum: queer international relations. Int. Stud. Rev. 16:4596–622
     [Google Scholar]
  183. Weerawardhana C. 2018. Profoundly decolonizing? Reflections on a transfeminist perspective of international relations. Meridians 16:1184–213
     [Google Scholar]
  184. Weiss ML, Bosia MJ, eds. 2013. Global Homophobia: States, Movements, and the Politics of Oppression Champaign: Univ. Ill. Press
     [Google Scholar]
  185. Weissman AL. 2017. Repronormativity and the reproduction of the nation-state: the state and sexuality collide. J. GLBT Family Stud. 13:3277–305
     [Google Scholar]
  186. Weissman AL, Sjoberg L. 2019. The queer in/of international relations. Oxford Bibliographies in International Relations P James Oxford, UK: Oxford Univ. Press 10.1093/OBO/9780199743292-0177
    [Google Scholar]
  187. Whitworth S. 1989. Gender in the inter-paradigm debate. Millennium J. Int. Stud. 18:2265–72
     [Google Scholar]
  188. Whitworth S. 1994. Theory as exclusion: gender and international political economy. Political Economy and the Changing Global Order R Stubbs, G, Underhill 116–29. London: Macmillan
     [Google Scholar]
  189. Wibben ATR. 2010. Feminist Security Studies: A Narrative Approach London: Routledge
     [Google Scholar]
  190. Wibben ATR. 2014. Researching feminist security studies. Aust. J. Political Sci. 49:4743–55
     [Google Scholar]
  191. Wilcox L. 2014. Queer theory and the “proper objects” of international relations. Int. Stud. Rev. 16:4612–15
     [Google Scholar]
  192. Wright MW. 2006.. Disposable Women and Other Myths of Global Capitalism New York: Taylor & Francis
     [Google Scholar]
  193. Zalewski M. 1993. Feminist standpoint theory meets international relations theory: a feminist version of David and Goliath?. Fletcher Forum World Aff. 17:213–32
     [Google Scholar]
  194. Zalewski M. 1995. Well, what is the feminist perspective on Bosnia?. Int. Aff. 71:2339–56
     [Google Scholar]
  195. Zhukova E. 2021. Postcolonial logic and silences in strategic narratives: Sweden's feminist foreign policy in conflict-affected states. Glob. Soc. 37:11–22
     [Google Scholar]
  196. Zhukova E, Sundstrom MR, Elgstrom O 2022. Feminist foreign policies (FFPs) as strategic narratives: norm translation in Sweden, Canada, France, and Mexico. Rev. Int. Stud. 48:1195–216
     [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-polisci-051120-110954
Loading
  • Article Type: Review Article

Most Cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error