1932
0
  1. Home
  2. A-Z Publications
  3. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics
  4. Volume 58, 2020
  5. Article

Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics

Volume 58, 2020

The Dust Attenuation Law in Galaxies

Abstract

Understanding the properties of dust attenuation curves in galaxies and the physical mechanisms that shape them are among the fundamental questions of extragalactic astrophysics, with great practical significance for deriving the physical properties of galaxies. Attenuation curves result from a combination of dust grain properties, dust content, and the spatial arrangement of dust and different populations of stars. In this review, we assess the state of the field, paying particular attention to extinction curves as the building blocks of attenuation laws. We introduce a quantitative framework to characterize extinction and attenuation curves, present a theoretical foundation for interpreting empirical results, overview an array of observational methods, and review observational results at low and high redshifts. Our main conclusions include the following:

  • ▪   Attenuation curves exhibit a wide range of UV-through-optical slopes, from curves with shallow (Milky Way–like) slopes to those exceeding the slope of the Small Magellanic Cloud extinction curve.
  • ▪   The slopes of the curves correlate strongly with the effective optical opacities, in the sense that galaxies with lower dust column density (lower visual attenuation) tend to have steeper slopes, whereas the galaxies with higher dust column density have shallower (grayer) slopes.
  • ▪   Galaxies exhibit a range of 2175-Å UV bump strengths, including no bump, but, on average, are suppressed compared with the average Milky Way extinction curve.
  • ▪   Theoretical studies indicate that both the correlation between the slope and the dust column as well as variations in bump strength may result from geometric and radiative transfer effects.

Keyword(s): dust, extinction, galaxy evolution, ISM, SED fitting, simulations
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-astro-032620-021933
2020-08-18
2024-06-29
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/astro/58/1/annurev-astro-032620-021933.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-astro-032620-021933&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

Literature Cited

  1. Álvarez-Márquez J, Burgarella D, Buat V, 2019. Astron. Astrophys. 630:A153
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Álvarez-Márquez J, Burgarella D, Heinis S 2016. Astron. Astrophys. 587:A122
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Aoyama S, Hou K-C, Hirashita H, Nagamine K, Shimizu I 2018. MNRAS 478:4905–21
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Arnouts S, Le Floc'h E, Chevallard J 2013. Astron. Astrophys. 558:A67
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Asano RS, Takeuchi TT, Hirashita H, Nozawa T 2013. MNRAS 432:637–52
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Barisic I, Faisst AL, Capak PL 2017. Ap. J. 845:41
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Battisti AJ, Calzetti D, Chary R-R 2016. Ap. J. 818:13
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Battisti AJ, Calzetti D, Chary R-R 2017a. Ap. J. 840:109
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Battisti AJ, Calzetti D, Chary R-R 2017b. Ap. J. 851:90
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Battisti AJ, da Cunha E, Shivaei I 2020. Ap. J. 888:108
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Berlind AA, Quillen AC, Pogge RW 1997. Astron. J. 114:107–14
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Berry M, Ivezić Ž, Sesar B 2012. Ap. J. 757:166
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Bianchi S, Clayton GC, Bohlin RC 1996. Ap. J. 471:203–10
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Bianchi S, Ferrara A, Davies JI 2000. MNRAS 311:601–10
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Blitz L, Shu FH 1980. Ap. J. 238:148–57
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Boissier S, Gil de Paz A, Boselli A 2007. Ap. J. Suppl. 173:524–37
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Boquien M, Buat V, Boselli A 2012. Astron. Astrophys. 539:A145
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Boquien M, Burgarella D, Roehlly Y 2019. Astron. Astrophys. 622:A103
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Boquien M, Calzetti D, Kennicutt R 2009. Ap. J. 706:553–70
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Bourne N, Dunlop JS, Merlin E 2017. MNRAS 467:1360–85
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Bouwens RJ, Aravena M, Decarli R 2016. Ap. J. 833:72
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Brammer GB, van Dokkum PG, Franx M 2012. Ap. J. Suppl. 200:13
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Buat V, Giovannoli E, Heinis S 2011. Astron. Astrophys. 533:A93
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Buat V, Iglesias-Páramo J, Seibert M 2005. Ap. J. Lett. 619:L51–54
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Buat V, Noll S, Burgarella D 2012. Astron. Astrophys. 545:A141
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Burgarella D, Buat V, Iglesias-Páramo J 2005. MNRAS 360:1413–25
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Calzetti D 1997. Astron. J. 113:162–84
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Calzetti D 2001. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 113:1449–85
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Calzetti D, Armus L, Bohlin RC 2000. Ap. J. 533:682–95
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Calzetti D, Kinney AL, Storchi-Bergmann T 1994. Ap. J. 429:582–601
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Capak PL, Carilli C, Jones G 2015. Nature 522:455–58
     [Google Scholar]
  32. Cardelli JA, Clayton GC, Mathis JS 1989. Ap. J. 345:245–56
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Casey CM, Narayanan D, Cooray A 2014a. Phys. Rep. 541:45–161
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Casey CM, Scoville NZ, Sanders DB 2014b. Ap. J. 796:95
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Charlot S, Fall SM 2000. Ap. J. 539:718–31
     [Google Scholar]
  36. Chary R, Elbaz D 2001. Ap. J. 556:562–81
     [Google Scholar]
  37. Chevallard J, Charlot S, Wandelt B 2013. MNRAS 432:2061–91
     [Google Scholar]
  38. Clayton GC, Gordon KD, Wolff MJ 2000. Ap. J. Suppl. 129:147–57
     [Google Scholar]
  39. Clayton GC, Martin PG 1985. Ap. J. 288:558–68
     [Google Scholar]
  40. Conroy C 2010. MNRAS 404:247–52
     [Google Scholar]
  41. Conroy C 2013. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 51:393–455
     [Google Scholar]
  42. Conroy C, Schiminovich D, Blanton MR 2010. Ap. J. 718:184–98
     [Google Scholar]
  43. Corre D, Buat V, Basa S 2018. Astron. Astrophys. 617:A141
     [Google Scholar]
  44. Cortese L, Boselli A, Buat V 2006. Ap. J. 637:242–54
     [Google Scholar]
  45. Cullen F, McLure RJ, Khochfar S 2017. MNRAS 470:3006–26
     [Google Scholar]
  46. da Cunha E, Charlot S, Elbaz D 2008. MNRAS 388:1595–617
     [Google Scholar]
  47. Daddi E, Alexander DM, Dickinson M 2007. Ap. J. 670:173–89
     [Google Scholar]
  48. Dalcanton JJ, Fouesneau M, Hogg DW 2015. Ap. J. 814:3
     [Google Scholar]
  49. Dale DA, Cohen SA, Johnson LC 2009. Ap. J. 703:517–56
     [Google Scholar]
  50. Dale DA, Helou G 2002. Ap. J. 576:159–68
     [Google Scholar]
  51. Davé R Anglés-Alcázar D, Narayanan D 2019. MNRAS 486:2827–49
     [Google Scholar]
  52. De Looze I, Fritz J, Baes M 2014. Astron. Astrophys. 571:A69
     [Google Scholar]
  53. De Marchi G, Panagia N, Sabbi E 2016. MNRAS 455:4373–87
     [Google Scholar]
  54. Decleir M, De Looze I, Boquien M 2019. MNRAS 486:743–67
     [Google Scholar]
  55. Desert F-X, Boulanger F, Puget JL 1990. Astron. Astrophys. 500:313–34
     [Google Scholar]
  56. Dong H, Li Z, Wang QD 2014. Ap. J. 785:136
     [Google Scholar]
  57. Dong H Li Z, Wang QD 2016. MNRAS 459:2262–73
     [Google Scholar]
  58. Draine BT 2003. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 41:241–89
     [Google Scholar]
  59. Draine BT 2004. The Cold Universe, Saas-Fee Advanced Course 32 D Pfenniger, Y Revas 213–304 Berlin: Springer-Verlag
     [Google Scholar]
  60. Draine BT 2009. Cosmic Dust—Near and Far T Henning, E Grün, J Steinacker, ASP Conf. Ser. 414:453–72 San Francisco: ASP
     [Google Scholar]
  61. Draine BT 2011. Physics of the Interstellar and Intergalactic Medium Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press
     [Google Scholar]
  62. Draine BT, Lee HM 1984. Ap. J. 285:89–108
     [Google Scholar]
  63. Draine BT, Li A 2007. Ap. J. 657:810–37
     [Google Scholar]
  64. Duley WW 1987. MNRAS 229:203–12
     [Google Scholar]
  65. Duley WW, Williams DA 1983. MNRAS 205:67P–70P
     [Google Scholar]
  66. Dwek E, Arendt RG, Fixsen DJ 1997. Ap. J. 475:565–79
     [Google Scholar]
  67. Elmegreen DM, Kaufman M, Elmegreen BG 2001. Astron. J. 121:182–97
     [Google Scholar]
  68. Erb DK, Steidel CC, Shapley AE 2006. Ap. J. 647:128–39
     [Google Scholar]
  69. Faber SM 1972. Astron. Astrophys. 20:361–74
     [Google Scholar]
  70. Faber SM, Wegner G, Burstein D 1989. Ap. J. Suppl. 69:763–808
     [Google Scholar]
  71. Faisst AL, Capak PL, Yan L 2017. Ap. J. 847:21
     [Google Scholar]
  72. Falco EE, Impey CD, Kochanek CS 1999. Ap. J. 523:617–32
     [Google Scholar]
  73. Fanelli MN, O'Connell RW, Thuan TX 1988. Ap. J. 334:665–87
     [Google Scholar]
  74. Ferrara A, Bianchi S, Cimatti A 1999. Ap. J. Suppl. 123:437–45
     [Google Scholar]
  75. Ferrara A, Hirashita H, Ouchi M 2017. MNRAS 471:5018–24
     [Google Scholar]
  76. Fischera J, Dopita M 2011. Astron. Astrophys. 533:A117
     [Google Scholar]
  77. Fitzpatrick EL 1985. Ap. J. 299:219–35
     [Google Scholar]
  78. Fitzpatrick EL 1999. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 111:63–75
     [Google Scholar]
  79. Fitzpatrick EL, Massa D 1986. Ap. J. 307:286–94
     [Google Scholar]
  80. Fitzpatrick EL, Massa D 1988. Ap. J. 328:734–46
     [Google Scholar]
  81. Fitzpatrick EL, Massa D 1990. Ap. J. Suppl. 72:163–89
     [Google Scholar]
  82. Fitzpatrick EL, Massa D 2007. Ap. J. 663:320–41
     [Google Scholar]
  83. Fitzpatrick EL, Massa D 2009. Ap. J. 699:1209–22
     [Google Scholar]
  84. Fontanot F, Somerville RS 2011. MNRAS 416:2962–73
     [Google Scholar]
  85. Fontanot F, Somerville RS, Silva L 2009. MNRAS 392:553–69
     [Google Scholar]
  86. Forrest B, Tran K-VH, Tomczak AR 2016. Ap. J. Lett. 818:L26
     [Google Scholar]
  87. Förster Schreiber NM, Genzel R, Bouché N 2009. Ap. J. 706:1364–428
     [Google Scholar]
  88. Fudamoto Y, Oesch PA, Schinnerer E 2017. MNRAS 472:483–90
     [Google Scholar]
  89. Galliano F, Galametz M, Jones AP 2018. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 56:673–713
     [Google Scholar]
  90. Galliano F, Hony S, Bernard J-P 2011. Astron. Astrophys. 536:A88
     [Google Scholar]
  91. Gil de Paz A, Boissier S, Madore BF 2007. Ap. J. Suppl. 173:185–255
     [Google Scholar]
  92. Gillett FC, Jones TW, Merrill KM, Stein WA 1975. Astron. Astrophys. 45:77–81
     [Google Scholar]
  93. Gjergo E, Granato GL, Murante G 2018. MNRAS 479:2588–606
     [Google Scholar]
  94. Goldader JD, Meurer G, Heckman TM 2002. Ap. J. 568:651–78
     [Google Scholar]
  95. Gonzalez-Perez V, Lacey CG, Baugh CM, Frenk CS, Wilkins SM 2013. MNRAS 429:1609–25
     [Google Scholar]
  96. Gordon KD, Calzetti D, Witt AN 1997. Ap. J. 487:625–35
     [Google Scholar]
  97. Gordon KD, Clayton GC 1998. Ap. J. 500:816–24
     [Google Scholar]
  98. Gordon KD, Clayton GC, Misselt KA 2003. Ap. J. 594:279–93
     [Google Scholar]
  99. Granato GL, Lacey CG, Silva L 2000. Ap. J. 542:710–30
     [Google Scholar]
  100. Grasha K, Calzetti D, Andrews JE 2013. Ap. J. 773:174
     [Google Scholar]
  101. Greenberg JM 1986. Ap. Space Sci. 128:17–31
     [Google Scholar]
  102. Hagen LMZ, Siegel MH, Hoversten EA 2017. MNRAS 466:4540–57
     [Google Scholar]
  103. Heinis S, Buat V, Béthermin M 2013. MNRAS 429:1113–32
     [Google Scholar]
  104. Hirashita H 2015. MNRAS 447:2937–50
     [Google Scholar]
  105. Hirashita H, Aoyama S 2019. MNRAS 482:2555–72
     [Google Scholar]
  106. Holwerda BW, Keel WC, Williams B 2009. Astron. J. 137:3000–8
     [Google Scholar]
  107. Hou K-C, Aoyama S, Hirashita H, Nagamine K, Shimizu I 2019. MNRAS 485:1727–44
     [Google Scholar]
  108. Howell JH, Armus L, Mazzarella JM 2010. Ap. J. 715:572–88
     [Google Scholar]
  109. Hoyle F, Wickramasinghe NC 1969. Nature 223:459–62
     [Google Scholar]
  110. Inoue AK 2005. MNRAS 359:171–82
     [Google Scholar]
  111. Inoue AK, Buat V, Burgarella D 2006. MNRAS 370:380–98
     [Google Scholar]
  112. Johnson BD, Leja JL, Conroy C 2019. Astrophysics Source Code Library. ascl:1905.025
    [Google Scholar]
  113. Johnson BD, Schiminovich D, Seibert M 2007. Ap. J. Suppl. 173:392–403
     [Google Scholar]
  114. Jones AP, Duley WW, Williams DA 1990. Q. J. R. Astron. Soc. 31:567–82
     [Google Scholar]
  115. Jones AP, Köhler M, Ysard N, Bocchio M, Verstraete L 2017. Astron. Astrophys. 602:A46
     [Google Scholar]
  116. Jonsson P, Cox TJ, Primack JR 2006. Ap. J. 637:255–68
     [Google Scholar]
  117. Kauffmann G, Heckman TM, White SDM 2003. MNRAS 341:33–53
     [Google Scholar]
  118. Keel WC, Manning AM, Holwerda BW 2014. Astron. J. 147:44
     [Google Scholar]
  119. Kemper F, Vriend WJ, Tielens AGGM 2004. Ap. J. 609:826–37
     [Google Scholar]
  120. Kim S-H, Martin PG, Hendry PD 1994. Ap. J. 422:164–75
     [Google Scholar]
  121. Kinney AL, Bohlin RC, Calzetti D 1993. Ap. J. Suppl. 86:5–93
     [Google Scholar]
  122. Kinney AL, Calzetti D, Bica E 1994. Ap. J. 429:172–76
     [Google Scholar]
  123. Kong X. Charlot S, Brinchmann J, Fall SM 2004. MNRAS 349:769–78
     [Google Scholar]
  124. Koornneef J, Code AD 1981. Ap. J. 247:860–68
     [Google Scholar]
  125. Koprowski MP, Coppin KEK, Geach JE 2018. MNRAS 479:4355–66
     [Google Scholar]
  126. Koyama Y, Shimakawa R, Yamamura I 2019. Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. 71:8
     [Google Scholar]
  127. Kriek M, Conroy C 2013. Ap. J. Lett. 775:L16
     [Google Scholar]
  128. Kuo T-M, Hirashita H 2012. MNRAS 424:L34–38
     [Google Scholar]
  129. Laor A, Draine BT 1993. Ap. J. 402:441–68
     [Google Scholar]
  130. Leitherer C, Schaerer D, Goldader JD 1999. Ap. J. Suppl. 123:3–40
     [Google Scholar]
  131. Leja J, Johnson BD, Conroy C, van Dokkum PG, Byler N 2017. Ap. J. 837:170
     [Google Scholar]
  132. Leja J, Johnson BD, Conroy C 2018. Ap. J. 854:62
     [Google Scholar]
  133. Lenz D, Hensley BS, Doré O 2017. Ap. J. 846:38
     [Google Scholar]
  134. Li A, Draine BT 2001. Ap. J. 554:778–802
     [Google Scholar]
  135. Li A, Greenberg JM 1997. Astron. Astrophys. 323:566–84
     [Google Scholar]
  136. Li Q, Narayanan D, Davé R 2019. MNRAS 490:1425–36
     [Google Scholar]
  137. Liang L, Feldmann R, Kereš D 2019. MNRAS 489:1397–422
     [Google Scholar]
  138. Lo Faro B, Buat V, Roehlly Y 2017. MNRAS 472:1372–91
     [Google Scholar]
  139. Ma J, Caucal P, Noterdaeme P 2015. MNRAS 454:1751–66
     [Google Scholar]
  140. Ma J, Ge J, Zhao Y 2017. MNRAS 472:2196–220
     [Google Scholar]
  141. Ma X, Hayward CC, Casey CM 2019. MNRAS 487:1844–64
     [Google Scholar]
  142. Madau P, Dickinson M 2014. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 52:415–86
     [Google Scholar]
  143. Malhotra S, Rhoads JE, Turner EL 1997. MNRAS 288:138–44
     [Google Scholar]
  144. Mancini M, Schneider R, Graziani L 2016. MNRAS 462:3130–45
     [Google Scholar]
  145. Mao Y-W, Kong X, Lin L 2014. Ap. J. 789:76
     [Google Scholar]
  146. Marrone DP, Spilker J 2018. Nature 553:51–54
     [Google Scholar]
  147. Massa D, Fitzpatrick EL 1986. Ap. J. Suppl. 60:305–21
     [Google Scholar]
  148. Massa D, Savage BD, Fitzpatrick EL 1983. Ap. J. 266:662–83
     [Google Scholar]
  149. Mathis JS 1990. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 28:37–70
     [Google Scholar]
  150. Mathis JS, Rumpl W, Nordsieck KH 1977. Ap. J. 217:425–33
     [Google Scholar]
  151. McKinnon R, Torrey P, Vogelsberger M 2016. MNRAS 457:3775–800
     [Google Scholar]
  152. McKinnon R, Vogelsberger M, Torrey P, Marinacci F, Kannan R 2018. MNRAS 478:2851–86
     [Google Scholar]
  153. McLure RJ, Dunlop JS, Cullen F 2018. MNRAS 476:3991–4006
     [Google Scholar]
  154. Meurer GR, Heckman TM, Calzetti D 1999. Ap. J. 521:64–80
     [Google Scholar]
  155. Meurer GR, Heckman TM, Leitherer C 1995. Astron. J. 110:2665–91
     [Google Scholar]
  156. Mieda E, Wright SA, Larkin JE 2016. Ap. J. 831:78
     [Google Scholar]
  157. Misselt KA, Clayton GC, Gordon KD 1999. Ap. J. 515:128–39
     [Google Scholar]
  158. Motta V, Mediavilla E, Muñoz JA 2002. Ap. J. 574:719–25
     [Google Scholar]
  159. Muñoz JA, Falco EE, Kochanek CS 2004. Ap. J. 605:614–19
     [Google Scholar]
  160. Nadeau D, Yee HKC, Forrest WJ 1991. Ap. J. 376:430–38
     [Google Scholar]
  161. Nandy K, Morgan DH, Willis AJ 1981. MNRAS 196:955–66
     [Google Scholar]
  162. Narayanan D, Conroy C, Davé R, Johnson BD, Popping G 2018a. Ap. J. 869:70
     [Google Scholar]
  163. Narayanan D, Davé R, Johnson BD 2018b. MNRAS 474:1718–36
     [Google Scholar]
  164. Narayanan D, Turk M, Feldmann R 2015. Nature 525:496–99
     [Google Scholar]
  165. Nataf DM, Gonzalez OA, Casagrande L 2016. MNRAS 456:2692–706
     [Google Scholar]
  166. Natale G, Popescu CC, Tuffs RJ 2015. MNRAS 449:243–67
     [Google Scholar]
  167. Noll S, Burgarella D, Giovannoli E 2009a. Astron. Astrophys. 507:1793–813
     [Google Scholar]
  168. Noll S, Pierini D, Cimatti A 2009b. Astron. Astrophys. 499:69–85
     [Google Scholar]
  169. Noll S, Pierini D, Pannella M 2007. Astron. Astrophys. 472:455–69
     [Google Scholar]
  170. Nozawa T, Asano RS, Hirashita H, Takeuchi TT 2015. MNRAS 447:L16–20
     [Google Scholar]
  171. O'Donnell JE 1994. Ap. J. 422:158–63
     [Google Scholar]
  172. Oteo I, Cepa J, Bongiovanni Á 2013. Astron. Astrophys. 554:L3
     [Google Scholar]
  173. Overzier RA, Heckman TM, Wang J 2011. Ap. J. Lett. 726:L7
     [Google Scholar]
  174. Panuzzo P, Granato GL, Buat V 2007. MNRAS 375:640–48
     [Google Scholar]
  175. Papovich C, Dickinson M, Ferguson HC 2001. Ap. J. 559:620–53
     [Google Scholar]
  176. Peek JEG, Graves GJ 2010. Ap. J. 719:415–24
     [Google Scholar]
  177. Peek JEG, Schiminovich D 2013. Ap. J. 771:68
     [Google Scholar]
  178. Penner K, Dickinson M, Pope A 2012. Ap. J. 759:28
     [Google Scholar]
  179. Pierini D, Gordon KD, Witt AN 2004. Ap. J. 617:1022–46
     [Google Scholar]
  180. Pope A, Montaña A, Battisti A 2017. Ap. J. 838:137
     [Google Scholar]
  181. Popescu CC, Tuffs RJ, Dopita MA 2011. Astron. Astrophys. 527:A109
     [Google Scholar]
  182. Popping G, Puglisi A, Norman CA 2017a. MNRAS 472:2315–33
     [Google Scholar]
  183. Popping G, Somerville RS, Galametz M 2017b. MNRAS 471:3152–85
     [Google Scholar]
  184. Prevot ML, Lequeux J, Maurice E 1984. Astron. Astrophys. 132:389–92
     [Google Scholar]
  185. Price SH, Kriek M, Brammer GB 2014. Ap. J. 788:86
     [Google Scholar]
  186. Puglisi A, Rodighiero G, Franceschini A 2016. Astron. Astrophys. 586:A83
     [Google Scholar]
  187. Reddy NA, Kriek M, Shapley AE 2015. Ap. J. 806:259
     [Google Scholar]
  188. Reddy NA, Oesch PA, Bouwens RJ 2018. Ap. J. 853:56
     [Google Scholar]
  189. Reddy NA, Pettini M, Steidel CC 2012. Ap. J. 754:25
     [Google Scholar]
  190. Reddy NA, Steidel CC 2004. Ap. J. Lett. 603:L13–16
     [Google Scholar]
  191. Riechers DA, Bradford CM, Clements DL 2013. Nature 496:329–33
     [Google Scholar]
  192. Rieke GH, Lebofsky MJ 1985. Ap. J. 288:618–21
     [Google Scholar]
  193. Rocha M, Jonsson P, Primack JR 2008. MNRAS 383:1281–91
     [Google Scholar]
  194. Rodighiero G, Daddi E, Baronchelli I 2011. Ap. J. Lett. 739:L40
     [Google Scholar]
  195. Roman-Duval J, Jenkins EB, Williams B 2019. Ap. J. 871:151
     [Google Scholar]
  196. Sabbi E, Anderson J, Lennon DJ 2013. Astron. J. 146:53
     [Google Scholar]
  197. Safarzadeh M, Hayward CC, Ferguson HC 2017. Ap. J. 840:15
     [Google Scholar]
  198. Salim S, Boquien M 2019. Ap. J. 872:23
     [Google Scholar]
  199. Salim S, Boquien M, Lee JC 2018. Ap. J. 859:11
     [Google Scholar]
  200. Salim S. Charlot S, Rich RM 2005. Ap. J. Lett. 619:L39–42
     [Google Scholar]
  201. Salim S, Lee JC, Janowiecki S 2016. Ap. J. Suppl. 227:2
     [Google Scholar]
  202. Salim S, Rich RM, Charlot S 2007. Ap. J. Suppl. 173:267–92
     [Google Scholar]
  203. Salmon B, Papovich C, Long J 2016. Ap. J. 827:20
     [Google Scholar]
  204. Savage BD, Mathis JS 1979. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 17:73–111
     [Google Scholar]
  205. Sawicki M, Yee HKC 1998. Astron. J. 115:1329–39
     [Google Scholar]
  206. Schady P, Dwelly T, Page MJ 2012. Astron. Astrophys. 537:A15
     [Google Scholar]
  207. Schlafly EF, Finkbeiner DP 2011. Ap. J. 737:103
     [Google Scholar]
  208. Schlafly EF, Finkbeiner DP, Schlegel DJ 2010. Ap. J. 725:1175–91
     [Google Scholar]
  209. Schlafly EF, Green G, Finkbeiner DP 2014. Ap. J. 789:15
     [Google Scholar]
  210. Schlafly EF, Meisner AM, Stutz AM 2016. Ap. J. 821:78
     [Google Scholar]
  211. Schlegel DJ, Finkbeiner DP, Davis M 1998. Ap. J. 500:525–53
     [Google Scholar]
  212. Scoville N, Faisst A, Capak P 2015. Ap. J. 800:108
     [Google Scholar]
  213. Seibert M, Martin DC, Heckman TM 2005. Ap. J. Lett. 619:L55–58
     [Google Scholar]
  214. Seon K-I, Draine BT 2016. Ap. J. 833:201
     [Google Scholar]
  215. Shapley AE 2011. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 49:525–80
     [Google Scholar]
  216. Shivaei I, Reddy NA, Steidel CC 2015. Ap. J. 804:149
     [Google Scholar]
  217. Siana B, Smail I, Swinbank AM 2009. Ap. J. 698:1273–81
     [Google Scholar]
  218. Siebenmorgen R, Kruegel E 1992. Astron. Astrophys. 259:614–26
     [Google Scholar]
  219. Siebenmorgen R, Voshchinnikov NV, Bagnulo S 2014. Astron. Astrophys. 561:A82
     [Google Scholar]
  220. Silva L, Granato GL, Bressan A 1998. Ap. J. 509:103–17
     [Google Scholar]
  221. Somerville RS, Davé R 2015. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 53:51–113
     [Google Scholar]
  222. Speagle JS, Steinhardt CL, Capak PL 2014. Ap. J. Suppl. 214:15
     [Google Scholar]
  223. Spinrad H, Taylor BJ 1971. Ap. J. Suppl. 22:445–84
     [Google Scholar]
  224. Stebbins J, Huffer CM, Whitford AE 1939. Ap. J. 90:209–29
     [Google Scholar]
  225. Stecher TP, Donn B 1965. Ap. J. 142:1681–82
     [Google Scholar]
  226. Steidel CC, Rudie GC, Strom AL 2014. Ap. J. 795:165
     [Google Scholar]
  227. Steinacker J, Baes M, Gordon KD 2013. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 51:63–104
     [Google Scholar]
  228. Strandet ML, Weiss A, De Breuck C 2017. Ap. J. Lett. 842:L15
     [Google Scholar]
  229. Stratta G, Maiolino R, Fiore F 2007. Ap. J. Lett. 661:L9–12
     [Google Scholar]
  230. Takeuchi TT, Buat V, Heinis S 2010. Astron. Astrophys. 514:A4
     [Google Scholar]
  231. Takeuchi TT, Yuan F-T, Ikeyama A, Murata KL, Inoue AK 2012. Ap. J. 755:144
     [Google Scholar]
  232. Trayford JW, Camps P, Theuns T 2017. MNRAS 470:771–99
     [Google Scholar]
  233. Trayford JW, Lagos CDP, Robotham ASG 2020. MNRAS 491:3937–51
     [Google Scholar]
  234. Tress M, Mármol-Queraltó E, Ferreras I 2018. MNRAS 475:2363–74
     [Google Scholar]
  235. Tuffs RJ, Popescu CC, Völk HJ 2004. Astron. Astrophys. 419:821–35
     [Google Scholar]
  236. Valencic LA, Clayton GC, Gordon KD 2004. Ap. J. 616:912–24
     [Google Scholar]
  237. Viaene S, Baes M, Tamm A 2017a. Astron. Astrophys. 599:A64
     [Google Scholar]
  238. Viaene S, Sarzi M, Baes M 2017b. MNRAS 472:1286–99
     [Google Scholar]
  239. Vijayan AP, Clay SJ, Thomas PA 2019. MNRAS 489:4072–89
     [Google Scholar]
  240. Walcher J, Groves B, Budavári T, Dale D 2011. Ap. Space Sci. 331:1–52
     [Google Scholar]
  241. Wang S, Chen X 2019. Ap. J. 877:116
     [Google Scholar]
  242. Wang W, Kassin SA, Pacifici C 2018. Ap. J. 869:161
     [Google Scholar]
  243. Weingartner JC, Draine BT 2001. Ap. J. 548:296–309
     [Google Scholar]
  244. White RE, Keel WC 1992. Nature 359:129–31
     [Google Scholar]
  245. Wiklind T, Dickinson M, Ferguson HC 2008. Ap. J. 676:781–806
     [Google Scholar]
  246. Wild V, Charlot S, Brinchmann J 2011a. MNRAS 417:1760–86
     [Google Scholar]
  247. Wild V, Groves B, Heckman T 2011b. MNRAS 410:1593–610
     [Google Scholar]
  248. Wilkins SM, Gonzalez-Perez V, Lacey CG, Baugh CM 2012. MNRAS 424:1522–29
     [Google Scholar]
  249. Williams TG, Baes M, De Looze I 2019. MNRAS 487:2753–70
     [Google Scholar]
  250. Witt AN, Gordon KD 1996. Ap. J. 463:681–93
     [Google Scholar]
  251. Witt AN, Gordon KD 2000. Ap. J. 528:799–816
     [Google Scholar]
  252. Wuyts S, Förster Schreiber NM, Lutz D 2011. Ap. J. 738:106
     [Google Scholar]
  253. Yanchulova Merica-Jones P, Sandstrom KM, Johnson LC 2017. Ap. J. 847:102
     [Google Scholar]
  254. York DG, Khare P, Vanden Berk D 2006. MNRAS 367:945–78
     [Google Scholar]
  255. Ysard N, Köhler M, Jones A 2016. Astron. Astrophys. 588:A44
     [Google Scholar]
  256. Yuan HB, Liu XW, Xiang MS 2013. MNRAS 430:2188–99
     [Google Scholar]
  257. Zafar T, Watson D, Fynbo JPU 2011. Astron. Astrophys. 532:A143
     [Google Scholar]
  258. Zafar T, Watson D, Møller P 2018. MNRAS 479:1542–54
     [Google Scholar]
  259. Zeimann GR, Ciardullo R, Gronwall C 2015. Ap. J. 814:162
     [Google Scholar]
  260. Zubko V, Dwek E, Arendt RG 2004. Ap. J. Suppl. 152:211–49
     [Google Scholar]
  261. Zhukovska S, Dobbs C, Jenkins EB, Klessen RS 2016. Ap. J. 831:147
     [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-astro-032620-021933
Loading
The Dust Attenuation Law in Galaxies
Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 58, 529 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-astro-032620-021933
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-astro-032620-021933
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-astro-032620-021933
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Review Article

Most Cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error