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Annual Review of Biophysics

Volume 48, 2019

RNA-Mediated Virus Assembly: Mechanisms and Consequences for Viral Evolution and Therapy

Abstract

Viruses, entities composed of nucleic acids, proteins, and in some cases lipids lack the ability to replicate outside their target cells. Their components self-assemble at the nanoscale with exquisite precision—a key to their biological success in infection. Recent advances in structure determination and the development of biophysical tools such as single-molecule spectroscopy and noncovalent mass spectrometry allow unprecedented access to the detailed assembly mechanisms of simple virions. Coupling these techniques with mathematical modeling and bioinformatics has uncovered a previously unsuspected role for genomic RNA in regulating formation of viral capsids, revealing multiple, dispersed RNA sequence/structure motifs [packaging signals (PSs)] that bind cognate coat proteins cooperatively. The PS ensemble controls assembly efficiency and accounts for the packaging specificity seen in vivo. The precise modes of action of the PSs vary between viral families, but this common principle applies across many viral families, including major human pathogens. These insights open up the opportunity to block or repurpose PS function in assembly for both novel antiviral therapy and gene/drug/vaccine applications.

Keyword(s): genome organization, Gillespie algorithms, Hamiltonian paths, mathematical modeling, normal mode analysis, RNA packaging signals, single-molecule FCS, virus assembly
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2019-05-06
2024-04-26
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/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-biophys-052118-115611
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RNA-Mediated Virus Assembly: Mechanisms and Consequences for Viral Evolution and Therapy
Annual Review of Biophysics 48, 495 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-biophys-052118-115611
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-biophys-052118-115611
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-biophys-052118-115611
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