Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering - Volume 7, 2005
Volume 7, 2005
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Werner Goldsmith: Life and Work (1924–2003)
Vol. 7 (2005), pp. 1–20More Less▪ Abstract Werner Goldsmith, one of the foremost authorities on the mechanics of impact and the biomechanics of head and neck injuries, died peacefully at home in Oakland, California, on August 23, 2003, at age 79 after a short, courageous battle with leukemia, ending a long and very distinguished career in mechanics, dynamics, and biomechanics, and an almost six-decades-long association with the University of Calif Read More
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DNA Mechanics
Vol. 7 (2005), pp. 21–53More Less▪ Abstract We review the history of DNA mechanics and its analysis. We evaluate several methods to analyze the structures of superhelical DNA molecules, each predicated on the assumption that DNA can be modeled with reasonable accuracy as an extended, linearly elastic polymer. Three main approaches are considered: mechanical equilibrium methods, which seek to compute minimum energy conformations of topologic Read More
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Quantum Dots as Cellular Probes
Vol. 7 (2005), pp. 55–76More Less▪ Abstract Robust and bright light emitters, semiconductor nanocrystals [quantum dots (QDs)] have been adopted as a new class of fluorescent labels. Six years after the first experiments of their uses in biological applications, there have been dramatic improvements in understanding surface chemistry, biocompatibility, and targeting specificity. Many studies have shown the great potential of using quantum dots as new Read More
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Blood-on-a-Chip
Vol. 7 (2005), pp. 77–103More Less▪ Abstract Accurate, fast, and affordable analysis of the cellular component of blood is of prime interest for medicine and research. Yet, most often sample preparation procedures for blood analysis involve handling steps prone to introducing artifacts, whereas analysis methods commonly require skilled technicians and well-equipped, expensive laboratories. Developing more gentle protocols and affordable instruments for s Read More
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Biochemistry and Biomechanics of Cell Motility
Song Li, Jun-Lin Guan, and Shu ChienVol. 7 (2005), pp. 105–150More Less▪ Abstract Cell motility is an essential cellular process for a variety of biological events. The process of cell migration requires the integration and coordination of complex biochemical and biomechanical signals. The protrusion force at the leading edge of a cell is generated by the cytoskeleton, and this force generation is controlled by multiple signaling cascades. The formation of new adhesions at the front and the release of ad Read More
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Molecular Mechanics and Dynamics of Leukocyte Recruitment During Inflammation
Vol. 7 (2005), pp. 151–185More Less▪ Abstract Discovery of new genes and proteins directly supporting leukocyte adhesion is waning, whereas there is heightened interest in the cell mechanics and receptor dynamics that lead from transient tethering via selectins to affinity shifts and adhesion strengthening through integrins. New optical tools enable real-time imaging of leukocyte rolling and arrest in parallel plate flow channels (PPFCs), and detection of single- Read More
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Deterministic and Stochastic Elements of Axonal Guidance
Vol. 7 (2005), pp. 187–221More Less▪ Abstract An enormous literature has been developed on investigations of the growth and guidance of axons during development and after injury. In this review, we provide a guide to this literature as a resource for biomedical investigators. We first review briefly the molecular biology that is known to regulate migration of the growth cone and branching of axonal arbors. We then outline some important fundamental consider Read More
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Structure and Mechanics of Healing Myocardial Infarcts
Vol. 7 (2005), pp. 223–253More Less▪ Abstract Therapies for myocardial infarction have historically been developed by trial and error, rather than from an understanding of the structure and function of the healing infarct. With exciting new bioengineering therapies for myocardial infarction on the horizon, we have reviewed the time course of structural and mechanical changes in the healing infarct in an attempt to identify key structural determinants of mec Read More
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Instrumentation Aspects of Animal PET
Vol. 7 (2005), pp. 255–285More Less▪ Abstract Biological research has been accelerated by the development of noninvasive imaging techniques and by use of genetically engineered mice to model human diseases and normal development. Because these mice can be expensive, noninvasive imaging techniques, such as high-resolution positron emission tomography (PET), that permit longitudinal studies of the same animals are very attractive. Such studies re Read More
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In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Cancer
Vol. 7 (2005), pp. 287–326More Less▪ Abstract Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has been used for more than two decades to interrogate metabolite distributions in living cells and tissues. Techniques have been developed that allow multiple spectra to be obtained simultaneously with individual volume elements as small as 1 uL of tissue (i.e., 1 × 1 × 1 mm3). The most common modern applications of in vivo MRS use endogenous signals from 1H, 31P, or 23 Read More
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Functional Electrical Stimulation for Neuromuscular Applications*
Vol. 7 (2005), pp. 327–360More Less▪ Abstract Paralyzed or paretic muscles can be made to contract by applying electrical currents to the intact peripheral motor nerves innervating them. When electrically elicited muscle contractions are coordinated in a manner that provides function, the technique is termed functional electrical stimulation (FES). In more than 40 years of FES research, principles for safe stimulation of neuromuscular tissue have been est Read More
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Retinal Prosthesis
Vol. 7 (2005), pp. 361–401More Less▪ Abstract Retinal prostheses represent the best near-term hope for individuals with incurable, blinding diseases of the outer retina. On the basis of the electrical activation of nerves, prototype retinal prostheses have been tested in blind humans and have demonstrated the capability to elicit the sensation of light and to give test subjects the ability to detect motion. To improve the visual function in implant recipients, a more s Read More
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Previous Volumes
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Volume 26 (2024)
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Volume 25 (2023)
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Volume 24 (2022)
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Volume 23 (2021)
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Volume 22 (2020)
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Volume 21 (2019)
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Volume 20 (2018)
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Volume 19 (2017)
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Volume 18 (2016)
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Volume 17 (2015)
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Volume 16 (2014)
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Volume 15 (2013)
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Volume 14 (2012)
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Volume 13 (2011)
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Volume 12 (2010)
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Volume 11 (2009)
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Volume 10 (2008)
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Volume 9 (2007)
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Volume 8 (2006)
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Volume 7 (2005)
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Volume 6 (2004)
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Volume 5 (2003)
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Volume 4 (2002)
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Volume 3 (2001)
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Volume 2 (2000)
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Volume 1 (1999)
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Volume 0 (1932)